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高中英語(yǔ)課文原文必修5
中國(guó)的高中英語(yǔ)教材必修有5冊(cè)，每?jī)?cè)約5-6個(gè)單元，完成必修5后可達(dá)《普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》要求的高考水平。下面就由小編為大家整理高中英語(yǔ)必修5課文原文,歡迎大家查看!
Unit 1 Great scientists
- JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。霍亂在當(dāng)時(shí)是最致命的疾病，人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。每次霍亂暴發(fā)時(shí)，就有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。約翰·斯諾想面對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無(wú)法控制的。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
斯諾對(duì)霍亂致人死地的兩種推測(cè)都很感興趣。一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖著，像一股危險(xiǎn)的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。第二種看法是人們?cè)诔燥埖臅r(shí)候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。病從胃里發(fā)作而迅速殃及全身，患者就會(huì)很快地死去。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
約翰·斯諾推測(cè)第二種說(shuō)法是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發(fā)霍亂的時(shí)候，約翰·斯諾著手準(zhǔn)備對(duì)此進(jìn)行調(diào)研。當(dāng)霍亂在貧民區(qū)迅速蔓延的時(shí)候，約翰·斯諾就開(kāi)始收集資料。他發(fā)現(xiàn)特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行得很?chē)?yán)重，在10天之內(nèi)就死去了500多人。他決心要查明其原因。
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.
首先，他在一張地圖上標(biāo)明了所有死者住過(guò)的地方。這提供了一條說(shuō)明霍亂起因的很有價(jià)值的線索。許多死者是住在寬街的水泵附近（特別是這條街上16、37、38、40號(hào)）。他發(fā)現(xiàn)有些住宅（如寬街上20號(hào)和21號(hào)以及劍橋街上的8號(hào)和9號(hào)）卻無(wú)人死亡。他以前沒(méi)預(yù)料到這種情況，所以他決定深入調(diào)查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些人都在劍橋街7號(hào)的酒館里打工，而酒館為他們免費(fèi)提供啤酒喝，因此他們沒(méi)有喝從寬街水泵抽上來(lái)的水�？磥�(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>
Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
接下來(lái)，約翰·斯諾調(diào)查了這兩條街的水源。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，水是從被倫敦的臟水污染了的河里抽上來(lái)的。他馬上叫寬街上驚恐的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。不久，霍亂疫情就開(kāi)始得到緩解。他證明了霍亂是由病菌而不是由氣團(tuán)傳播的。
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.
在倫敦的另一個(gè)地區(qū)，他從與寬街暴發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的另外兩起死亡事件中找到了有力證據(jù)。有一位婦女是從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)的，她特別喜歡從那個(gè)水泵里抽上來(lái)的水，每天都要派人把水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。她和她的女兒喝了這種水后，都得了霍亂而死去。有了這個(gè)額外的證據(jù)，約翰·斯諾就能夠肯定地宣布，這種被污染了的水?dāng)y帶著病菌。
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
為了防止這種情況的再度發(fā)生，約翰·斯諾建議，所有水源都要經(jīng)過(guò)檢測(cè)。自來(lái)水公司接到指示，再也不能讓人們接觸被污染的水了。最終，“霍亂王”被擊敗了。
Unit 2 The United Kingdom
- PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY
People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history.
人們也許會(huì)奇怪，為什么用不同的詞來(lái)描述英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭和北愛(ài)爾蘭這四個(gè)國(guó)家。如果你研究英國(guó)歷史，就能弄清楚這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next, England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.
首先是英格蘭。威爾士于13世紀(jì)就同英格蘭聯(lián)合起來(lái)了。如今只要有人提起英格蘭，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)威爾士總是包括在內(nèi)的。接著，英格蘭和威爾士在17世紀(jì)同蘇格蘭聯(lián)合起來(lái)，名字就改成了“大不列顛”。當(dāng)蘇格蘭的詹姆斯國(guó)王成為英格蘭和威爾士的國(guó)王時(shí)，這三個(gè)國(guó)家在無(wú)（軍事）沖突的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合，真是令人高興。最后，在20世紀(jì)初，英國(guó)政府試圖以同樣和平的方式把愛(ài)爾蘭也聯(lián)合起來(lái)以形成聯(lián)合王國(guó)。然而，愛(ài)爾蘭的南部卻不愿意并分離出去建立了自己的政府。因此，只有北愛(ài)爾蘭同英格蘭、威爾士、蘇格蘭聯(lián)合起來(lái)組成了聯(lián)合王國(guó)，這一點(diǎn)從新的聯(lián)合王國(guó)國(guó)旗（“聯(lián)合杰克”）上就可以看得出來(lái)。
To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
值得稱贊的是，這四個(gè)國(guó)家在一些方面（例如貨幣和國(guó)際關(guān)系）確實(shí)是共同合作的，但是有些制度仍然區(qū)別很大。例如，北愛(ài)爾蘭、英格蘭和蘇格蘭在教育體制和立法體制上都存在著差異，并且它們有著各自的足球隊(duì)參加像世界杯之類的比賽！
England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture.
在這四個(gè)國(guó)家中，英格蘭是最大的。為了方便，它大致可以劃分為三個(gè)地區(qū)。最靠近法國(guó)的那個(gè)地區(qū)叫做英格蘭南部，中部地區(qū)叫英格蘭中部，最靠近蘇格蘭的那個(gè)地區(qū)叫英格蘭北部。你可以看到大部分人口都聚居在南部，但是大部分工業(yè)城市都位于英格蘭中部和北部。盡管就全國(guó)范圍來(lái)說(shuō)，這些城市都不像中國(guó)的城市那樣大，但是它們都有著世界聞名的足球隊(duì)，有的城市甚至還有兩個(gè)隊(duì)！遺憾的是，這些建于19世紀(jì)的工業(yè)城市對(duì)游客并沒(méi)有吸引力。要找歷史性建筑，你得去羅馬人建造的更古老、規(guī)模更小的城鎮(zhèn)。在那兒你能找到更多有關(guān)英國(guó)歷史和文化的東西。
The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo - Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo - Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place - names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.
所有歷史遺產(chǎn)中最珍貴的是倫敦，那兒有博物館、藝術(shù)珍藏、劇院、公園和各種建筑。它是全國(guó)的政治中心。倫敦有羅馬人于公元1世紀(jì)建造的最古老的港口，有盎格魯——撒克遜人于11世紀(jì)60年代開(kāi)始建造的最古老的建筑，還有后來(lái)的諾曼人于1066年建造的最古老的城堡。曾經(jīng)有四批侵略者到過(guò)英格蘭。最早的侵略者是羅馬人，他們留下了他們的城鎮(zhèn)和道路。接著是盎格魯——撒克遜人，他們留下了他們的語(yǔ)言和政體。第三是斯堪的納維亞人，他們對(duì)英格蘭北部的詞匯和地名產(chǎn)生了影響。最后是諾曼人，他們留下了城堡，還引入了一些關(guān)于食物的新詞匯。
If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你到英國(guó)的鄉(xiāng)村去看看，你就會(huì)找到所有這些侵略者的痕跡。如果你想使你的英國(guó)之行愉快而又不虛此行，你就必須留心觀察。
Unit 3 FIRST IMPRESSIONS 第一印象
Spacemail: lqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation.com
15/11/3008 (Earth time)
Dear Mum and Dad,
I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”. This is similar to the “jetlag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. So I was very nervous and uncertain at first. However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot. Well - known for their expertise, his parents company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.
I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening. The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes. The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming. A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived. I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future. What would I find?
At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. “Put on this mask,” he advised. “Itll make you feel much better.” He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest. I felt better in no time. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer. These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly. Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it. Soon I could fly as fast as him. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions. He was swept up into the centre of them. Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area as it had been in the year AD 2008. I realized that I had been transported into the future but I was still in my hometown. Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.
Arriving at a strange - looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room. The wall was green and the floor was brown and soft. Suddenly the wall moved — it was made of trees! Later I found that their leaves provided the room with much - needed oxygen. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic. “Why not sit down and eat some food?” he said. “You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel. You can have a rest and then tomorrow youll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he laid the food on the table and took a bed from the floor. After he left, I had a simple meal and a hot bath. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
Love,
Li Qiang
親愛(ài)的爸爸媽媽：
我現(xiàn)在仍然無(wú)法相信我是在接受去年獲得的這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。我得不斷提醒自己，我真的已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到公元3008年了。因?yàn)閾?dān)心這次旅行，頭幾天我心里總是不踏實(shí)，結(jié)果我得了時(shí)間滯后癥。這就與你乘坐飛機(jī)會(huì)產(chǎn)生時(shí)差反應(yīng)相似，所不同的是，在你的腦子里似乎會(huì)不斷閃現(xiàn)以前的時(shí)光。因此，我一開(kāi)始就感到神經(jīng)過(guò)敏和心神不定。但是我的朋友兼導(dǎo)游王平很細(xì)心體貼，給了我?guī)琢＞G色藥片，倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公司叫做“未來(lái)之旅”，以其技術(shù)高超而聞名。他們把我裝在一個(gè)時(shí)間艙里，平安地把我送入了未來(lái)。
我仍舊記得我們被太空服務(wù)員一起叫到時(shí)間艙，爬上去進(jìn)入一個(gè)小門(mén)。座位是很舒適的，喝了點(diǎn)鎮(zhèn)靜劑后，我們的眼睛就閉上了，感到昏昏欲睡似的。時(shí)間艙在輕輕左右搖晃，我們放松地躺在那里做夢(mèng)。幾分鐘以后，旅程結(jié)束，我們就到了。我仍然在地球上，但是進(jìn)入到了未來(lái)的一千年。我們會(huì)看到什么呢？
一開(kāi)始新的環(huán)境讓我很難忍受�？諝馑坪鹾芟”�，好像在混合的氣體中剩下的氧氣很少。由于缺乏新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。正當(dāng)我想努力調(diào)整適應(yīng)新環(huán)境時(shí)，王平出現(xiàn)了。他告訴我，“把這個(gè)面罩戴上。它會(huì)使你感覺(jué)好得多�！彼衙嬲诌f給我，敦促我馬上走進(jìn)附近的一個(gè)小房間，叫我休息。我立刻就感到舒服些了。沒(méi)過(guò)多久，我就再次站立起來(lái)，跟著他去領(lǐng)取了一臺(tái)由電腦驅(qū)動(dòng)的氣墊車(chē)。這些氣墊車(chē)是在地面上方漂浮著的，只要在座位上把操縱桿打彎或壓下，你就可以迅速地移動(dòng)。王平系緊了我的安全帶，教我怎樣使用它。不久，我就可以飛得跟王平一樣快了�？墒�，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)一個(gè)看上去像大市場(chǎng)的地方時(shí)，由于太多車(chē)子朝四面八方飛奔，我看不見(jiàn)王平了。他被卷入到這群車(chē)隊(duì)里去了。就在這個(gè)時(shí)候我得到一次“時(shí)間滯后”的閃回，這樣我就再次看到了似乎是公元2008年的那個(gè)地區(qū)。我這才懂得我被送到了未來(lái)，但卻仍然在自己的家鄉(xiāng)。就在這個(gè)時(shí)候，我又見(jiàn)到了王平，于是又跟在他后面飛去。
到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把我?guī)У揭粋�(gè)明亮而潔凈的大房間。墻是綠色的，地板是棕色的，燈光很柔和。突然墻壁移動(dòng)了——原來(lái)是樹(shù)形成的！后來(lái)我才發(fā)現(xiàn)，就是這些樹(shù)的葉子為這棟房屋提供了最急需的氧氣。然后王平在電腦屏幕上的開(kāi)關(guān)上閃了一下，于是一張桌子和幾把椅子就像變魔術(shù)那樣從地板下面升了起來(lái)。“怎么不坐下來(lái)吃些東西呢？”他說(shuō)道，“你第一次作這樣的時(shí)間旅行，可能會(huì)感到有些困難。你可以好好休息一下。今天沒(méi)有任何出行計(jì)劃。明天你還要準(zhǔn)備參觀幾個(gè)地方�！闭f(shuō)完這些，他把食物擺在桌子上，又從地板下取出一張床來(lái)。他離開(kāi)后，我簡(jiǎn)單吃了飯，洗了個(gè)熱水澡。實(shí)在累壞了，我溜上床很快就睡著了。
愛(ài)你們的，
李強(qiáng)
I SAW AMAZING THINGS 我看到了奇妙的東西
I first visited a space station which was considered the most modern place in space. It was shaped like a huge disk and was rotating slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity. Inside the space station were exhibited the most up - to - date inventions of the 31st century. A guide showed us around on a moving platform.
Guide: Good morning, friends from 2008! First of all, were going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens. No more typists working on a typewriter or computer! No more postage or postcodes! Now we can send messages using a “thought - pad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant its sent. Its stored on the “thought - pad” of the receiver. Its quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?
While the guide was explaining, I watched the small object on the table which was called a “thought - pad”. It looked like a metal ribbon. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing it, the platform moved on.
Guide: Ladies and gentlemen, now were in the “environment area”. You used to put waste in dustbins and these were then collected and sent off to be buried or burned, am I right? (We all nodded.) Well, now we have a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The waste is then broken down into several grades of useful materials, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is recycled. Great, isnt it?
Guide: Our third stop shows the changes in work practices. Production no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one. A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks on the space stations. The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages and so on. There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage! However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space. They must also monitor the robots and the production. When the goods are ready, they are transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.
我首先參觀的是一個(gè)太空站，這個(gè)站被認(rèn)為是太空中最現(xiàn)代化的地方。太空站像一個(gè)巨大的圓盤(pán)，在太空中緩緩地旋轉(zhuǎn)，以仿照出地球重心的引力。太空站里展出了31世紀(jì)一些最前沿的發(fā)明。有個(gè)導(dǎo)游帶領(lǐng)我們站在一條移動(dòng)的運(yùn)送帶上，到各處參觀。
導(dǎo)游：從2008年來(lái)訪的朋友們，早上好！首先，我們要查看一種我們太空居民使用的最新的通訊方式。再也不需要打字員在打字機(jī)或電腦上工作了！再也不需要郵費(fèi)和郵政編碼了！現(xiàn)在用一種“思想儀”就可以傳遞信息。你把金屬帶放在頭上，整理思路，按下發(fā)送鍵，集中精神想著你要發(fā)送的信息，片刻功夫信息就發(fā)送出去了。這個(gè)信息會(huì)儲(chǔ)存在接受者的“思想儀”里。它快捷有效，而且環(huán)保。唯一的缺點(diǎn)是，如果使用者不能想清楚，就可能會(huì)發(fā)出不明確的信息。但我們不能因?yàn)槭褂谜叩腻e(cuò)誤而責(zé)怪工具，對(duì)不對(duì)？
在導(dǎo)游解說(shuō)的時(shí)候，我觀看著桌上這副被稱為“思想儀”的小東西。它們看上去像金屬帶子。那么普通，但卻那么神通廣大！正當(dāng)我還在觀察時(shí)，運(yùn)送帶向前移動(dòng)了。
導(dǎo)游：女士們先生們，現(xiàn)在我們到了“環(huán)保地帶”。以前人們習(xí)慣用垃圾箱收集廢棄物，然后這些垃圾被送走埋掉或燒掉，我說(shuō)的對(duì)吧？（我們都點(diǎn)頭。）可現(xiàn)在我們有一種裝置，能利用生態(tài)學(xué)原理來(lái)處理掉廢棄物。一架巨大的機(jī)器，能把所有能獲得的廢棄物都吞進(jìn)去，而且總是貪得無(wú)厭。然后垃圾被分解成了幾種有用的物質(zhì)，如莊稼地的“肥料”和沙漠中的“土壤”。什么都不浪費(fèi)，所有的東西，哪怕是塑料袋也被回收利用了。偉大的創(chuàng)意，對(duì)不對(duì)？
導(dǎo)游：第三站要展示給我們的是工作實(shí)踐方面的一些變化。批量生產(chǎn)不再在地球上進(jìn)行，而是轉(zhuǎn)移到了像這樣的太空站里。在太空里，一組工程師給機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)了程序讓它們完成工作。機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)像藥品、衣服、家具和氣墊車(chē)等東西。沒(méi)有廢棄物、沒(méi)有污染，也沒(méi)有環(huán)境破壞。但是，這些公司必須培訓(xùn)他們的代表能在太空中生活和工作。他們必須在此監(jiān)控機(jī)器人和生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。一旦貨物齊備，就用工業(yè)太空船運(yùn)送到地球。
Unit 4 Making the News
Reading: My First Work Assignment
我的第一項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)
"Unforgettable", says new journalist.
新聞?dòng)浾哒f(shuō)：“難以忘懷”。
Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.
周陽(yáng)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他在一家暢銷(xiāo)英文報(bào)紙的第一項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)。他同新上司胡欣的討論對(duì)他的記者生涯必將產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的影響。
HX: Welcome. Were delighted youre coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?
胡：歡迎你，非常高興你來(lái)參加我們的工作。你來(lái)這里首先就是當(dāng)助理記者。有什么問(wèn)題嗎？
ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately?
周：我可以馬上去采訪嗎？
HX: (laughing) Thats admirable, but Im afraid it would be unusual! Wait till youre more experienced. First well put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.
胡：（笑）真是勇氣可嘉！不過(guò)恐怕這不太合乎常規(guī)，還是等到你比較有經(jīng)驗(yàn)以后吧。我們先要派你給有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的記者作助理。以后，你才能獨(dú)自去進(jìn)行新聞采訪并提交自己的新聞稿。
ZY: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.
周：太好了！我需要隨身帶些什么？我已經(jīng)帶了筆記本和照相機(jī)。
HX: No need for a camera. Youll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs. Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested.
胡：不需要照相機(jī)！你們將帶上一名專業(yè)攝影師去拍照。你將發(fā)現(xiàn)你的同事們會(huì)熱情地幫助你。如果你對(duì)攝影感興趣，以后你可以集中精力去鉆研。
ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to my skills.
周：謝謝你。對(duì)攝影我不僅只是感興趣，在大學(xué)里我還專修過(guò)業(yè)余攝影課來(lái)更新我的技術(shù)。
HX: Good.
胡：那很好啊。
ZY: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?
周：我出去采訪時(shí)還需要記住些什么事呢？
HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good "nose" for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.
胡：你需要有好奇心。你只有提出了許多不同的問(wèn)題之后才有可能獲得你需要知道的信息。我們說(shuō)，一個(gè)好的記者必須有一個(gè)對(duì)新聞非常敏感的“嗅覺(jué)”。那就是說(shuō)，在人們沒(méi)有說(shuō)出全部真相時(shí)，你必須能夠判斷出，并努力發(fā)現(xiàn)真理。記者必須通過(guò)調(diào)查研究，來(lái)使自己了解到被遺漏的那部分情況。
ZY: What should I keep in mind?
周：我應(yīng)該注意些什么呢？
HX: Here comes my list of dos and donts: dont miss your deadline, dont be rude, dont talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.
胡：下面是我的行為準(zhǔn)則：不要延誤任務(wù)規(guī)定的期限，不可對(duì)人粗魯，不可自己說(shuō)得太多，務(wù)必認(rèn)真傾聽(tīng)被采訪人回答問(wèn)題。
ZY: Why is listening so important?
周：為什么聽(tīng)人家講話這樣重要呢？
HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.
胡：你得聽(tīng)清楚事實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)。同時(shí)，你還要根據(jù)被采訪人所說(shuō)的話準(zhǔn)備提出下一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?
周：在我記筆記的同時(shí)，怎么能仔細(xì)傾聽(tīng)對(duì)方的答話呢？
HX: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. Its also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story.
胡：這就是我們職業(yè)的訣竅了。如果被采訪人允許，你可以使用錄音機(jī)，錄下全部事實(shí)。如果有人提出質(zhì)疑，這也有用，你就有證據(jù)來(lái)支持自己的報(bào)道了。
ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?
周：我明白了！你們有沒(méi)有過(guò)這樣的情況：別人控告你們的記者，說(shuō)他們的報(bào)道完全失實(shí)？
HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were sceptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballers body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.
胡：有過(guò)，但那是很久以前的事了。事情是這樣的。有個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員被控受賄，故意不進(jìn)球，好讓對(duì)方球隊(duì)贏球。我們?nèi)ゲ稍L了他。他否認(rèn)收了錢(qián)，但我們對(duì)此表示懷疑。于是，我們安排這名球員和被認(rèn)為是行賄的人一起接受采訪。當(dāng)我們看到他們?cè)谝黄饡r(shí)，從足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的肢體語(yǔ)言上我們猜想到他在撒謊。所以我們寫(xiě)了一篇文章，暗示他有罪。這是一個(gè)兩難的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槿绻覀冨e(cuò)了，這個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員就可以要求賠償損失。他試圖阻止我們發(fā)表這篇文章，但后來(lái)證明我們是對(duì)的。
Using Language: Getting the "Scoop"
獲取“獨(dú)家新聞”
"Quick," said the editor. "Get that story ready. We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. This is a scoop."
“快點(diǎn)！”編輯說(shuō)：“把那篇報(bào)道準(zhǔn)備好。我們這一版就要用，這樣我們就搶在其他報(bào)紙的前面了。這就是搶先的獨(dú)家新聞。”
Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star.
周陽(yáng)剛剛采訪了一位著名影星回到辦公室。
"Did he really do that?" asked someone from the International News Department.
國(guó)際新聞編輯部有人提出問(wèn)題：“他真的干了那種事嗎？”
"Yes, Im afraid he did," Zhou Yang answered.
周陽(yáng)回答說(shuō)：“是的，恐怕是這樣的�！�
He set to work. His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully. Although he realized the man had been lying, Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly. He would have to be accurate. Concise too! He knew how to do that. Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases. He sat down at his computer and began to work.
接著他便著手準(zhǔn)備報(bào)道了。他的第一件事就是寫(xiě)報(bào)道稿，他必須認(rèn)認(rèn)真真地寫(xiě)。盡管他認(rèn)為那個(gè)人一直在說(shuō)謊話，但周陽(yáng)懂得，他決不能直接指責(zé)那個(gè)人。他必須做到準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤，還要簡(jiǎn)明扼要。他知道該如何做。經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月的培訓(xùn)，他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了寫(xiě)文章，全然沒(méi)有廢話。他在電腦前坐下就開(kāi)始工作了。
The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy - editor. She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading. "This will look very good on the page," she said. "Where is a good picture of this man?"
第一個(gè)看到這篇文章的人是他們部里的一位編審。他核查了文中的證據(jù)，閱讀了整篇報(bào)道，然后遞給技術(shù)編輯。她就開(kāi)始了編輯工作，設(shè)計(jì)了主標(biāo)題和副標(biāo)題。她說(shuō)：“在版面上這會(huì)很好看。這個(gè)人的照片該放在哪兒好呢？”
Then as the article was going to be written in English, Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style. She was also very happy with Zhou Yangs story. "You are really able to write a good front page article," she said. Zhou Yang smiled with happiness.
因?yàn)檫@篇文章要用英文來(lái)寫(xiě)，所以周陽(yáng)拿了一份稿子給一位母語(yǔ)為英語(yǔ)的外國(guó)雇員，請(qǐng)她對(duì)語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格進(jìn)行潤(rùn)飾。這位雇員對(duì)周陽(yáng)的報(bào)道也很滿意。她評(píng)價(jià)說(shuō)：“你確實(shí)能寫(xiě)很好的頭版新聞了�！敝荜�(yáng)高興地笑了。
Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it. "Well done," he said to Zhou Yang. "But please show me your evidence so were sure weve got our facts straight."
最后主編審讀了這篇稿子，并且批準(zhǔn)發(fā)表了。他對(duì)周陽(yáng)說(shuō)：“文章寫(xiě)得很好。不過(guò)你還得拿出證據(jù)來(lái)表明事實(shí)確鑿�！�
The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set. All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives. This was the first stage of the printing process. They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story. Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper. After one last check the page was ready to be printed. Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready. "Wait till tonight," his friend whispered. "I expect there will be something about this on the television news. A real scoop!"
新聞文字編輯取走這篇報(bào)道，開(kāi)始對(duì)所有的報(bào)道和圖片進(jìn)行編排，直至把各版面全部編定。此后，所有的報(bào)道材料就要被制成膠片。這是印制過(guò)程的第一道工序。由于這篇報(bào)道要用好幾種顏色，因此需要四張膠片。每一種主色要用一張底片，四張底片結(jié)合起來(lái)就制成一張報(bào)紙的彩頁(yè)。經(jīng)過(guò)最后一次校對(duì)后，這個(gè)版面就可以準(zhǔn)備印制了。周陽(yáng)興奮地等待著第一批報(bào)紙的印出�！耙鹊浇裉焱砩��！彼呐笥演p聲地告訴他說(shuō)。“我期望電視新聞會(huì)對(duì)這件事作一點(diǎn)報(bào)道。真是獨(dú)家新聞了！”
Unit 5 First Aid
Reading: First Aid for Burns
燒傷的急救
First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.
急救是在找到醫(yī)生之前對(duì)突然生病或受傷的人給予的臨時(shí)幫助。通常疾病或受傷并不嚴(yán)重，但也有一些時(shí)候，快速進(jìn)行急救可以挽救生命。
There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
燒傷有三種類型。根據(jù)皮膚燒傷的層次，燒傷可分為一度燒傷、二度燒傷和三度燒傷。
First degree burns These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.
一度燒傷：只傷及皮膚的表層。這些燒傷不嚴(yán)重，一兩天內(nèi)就會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)。例如輕度的曬傷，以及碰到熱鍋、火爐或熨斗一會(huì)兒而引起的燙傷。
Second degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
二度燒傷：傷及皮膚的表層以下。這些燒傷較嚴(yán)重，需要幾個(gè)星期才能痊愈。例如由熱的液體引起的燙傷。
Third degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
三度燒傷：傷及皮膚的所有層次，有時(shí)還傷及皮下組織。例如由電擊、燃燒的衣服或嚴(yán)重的汽油著火引起的燒傷。這些燒傷會(huì)造成非常嚴(yán)重的傷害，受害者必須立即送往醫(yī)院。
Using Language: The Lifesaver
救生員
Seventeen - year - old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.
17歲的青年約翰·詹森昨晚在弗鎮(zhèn)的救生員頒獎(jiǎng)大會(huì)上領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)，因?yàn)樗谝淮务斎寺?tīng)聞的持刀襲擊案件發(fā)生后，為鄰居實(shí)施了緊急救援。
John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.
在頒獎(jiǎng)大會(huì)上，約翰被授予獎(jiǎng)賞。大會(huì)共表彰了搶救他人生命的十個(gè)人的勇敢行為。
John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene. They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily. Her hands had almost been cut off.
�。翘欤┘s翰正在房里學(xué)習(xí)，突然聽(tīng)到一聲尖叫。他和父親趕緊沖出去，發(fā)現(xiàn)一名男子從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)逃跑，而三個(gè)孩子的母親安·斯萊德被人連捅了數(shù)刀。她躺在前花園的地上，流血不止，她的雙手幾乎被砍斷了。
It was Johns quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slades life. He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house. John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
正是約翰快捷的動(dòng)作和急救知識(shí)救了斯萊德女士的命。他立即向附近的一些人要繃帶，當(dāng)他們都找不到繃帶的時(shí)候，他的父親從屋里拿出一些擦杯盤(pán)的布和膠帶來(lái)。約翰就用這些東西把斯萊德手上最嚴(yán)重的傷口包扎起來(lái)。他使勁地按住傷口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救護(hù)車(chē)的到來(lái)。
"Im proud of what I did but I was just doing what Id been taught," John said.
約翰說(shuō)：“我為自己所做的事感到自豪，不過(guò)，我所做的都是以前別人教會(huì)我做的事�！�
John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school. The director of the scheme, Mr Alan Southerton, said, "There is no doubt that Johns quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slades life. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference."
約翰在讀高中時(shí)就參加了青年救生員組織。該組織的主任艾倫·薩瑟頓先生在向約翰表示祝賀時(shí)說(shuō)：“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，是約翰敏捷的思維和在學(xué)校學(xué)到的急救技術(shù)，挽救了斯萊德女士的生命。這表明急救知識(shí)真的能發(fā)揮重要作用�！�
Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.
在昨晚領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)時(shí)，約翰和其他九位救生員還出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待會(huì)。
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